| Ferdinand III |
| Holy Roman Emperor; King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia; Archduke of Austria |
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| Holy Roman Emperor; Archduke of Austria |
| Reign |
1637-1657 |
| Predecessor |
Ferdinand II |
| Successor |
Leopold I |
| King of the Romans, Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia |
| Predecessor |
Ferdinand II |
| Successor |
Ferdinand IV |
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| Spouse |
Maria Anna of Spain
Maria Leopoldine of Austria
Eleanor of Mantua |
| Issue |
Ferdinand IV of Hungary
Mariana, Queen of Spain
Leopold
Karl Josef
Theresia of Austria
Eleanora, Queen of Poland
Maria Anna Josepha, Archduchess of Austria |
| Royal house |
House of Habsburg |
| Father |
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother |
Maria Anna of Bavaria |
| Born |
13 July 1608
Graz |
| Died |
2 April 1657
Vienna |
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Austrian Royalty
House of Habsburg
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| Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire |
| Ferdinand II |
| Children include |
| Ferdinand III |
| Archduchess Maria Anna |
| Archduchess Cecilia Renata |
| Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria |
| Ferdinand III |
| Children include |
| Ferdinand IV of Hungary |
| Archduchess Mariana |
| Leopold I |
| Archduchess Eleonora Maria Josefa |
| Leopold I |
| Children include |
| Joseph I |
| Archduchess Maria Elisabeth |
| Archduchess Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal |
| Charles VI |
| Archduchess Maria Magdalena |
| Joseph I |
| Arcduchess Maria Josepha |
| Archduke Leopold Joseph |
| Archduchess Maria Amalia |
| Charles VI |
| Children include |
| Archduchess Maria Theresa |
| Archduchess Maria Anna |
| Maria Theresa |
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Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor February 15, 1637 – 1657.
Contents
- 1 Life
- 2 Marriages and children
- 3 See also
- 4 External links
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Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II from the house of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Made King of Hungary-Croatia in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627, and succeeded his father King of the Romans in 1636, and thence Holy Roman Emperor 1637.
Following the death of Wallenstein in 1634, he was made titular head of the Imperial Army in the Thirty Years' War, and later that year joined with his cousin the Cardinal-Infante to defeat the Swedes at Nördlingen. Leader of the peace party at court, he helped negotiate the Peace of Prague with the Protestant States, especially Saxony in 1635.
He succeeded his father as Holy Roman Emperor in 1637. He hoped to be able to make peace soon with France and Sweden, but the war dragged on for another 11 years, finally coming to an end with the Peace of Westphalia (Treaty of Münster with France, Treaty of Osnabrück with Sweden) in 1648, both negotiated by his envoy Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff, a successful diplomat who had been made a count in 1623 by his father Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
During the last dreadful period of the war, in 1644 Ferdinand III gave to all rulers of German states the right to conduct their own foreign policy (ius belli ac pacis). This way the emperor was trying to gain more allies in the negotiations with France and Sweden. This very edict contributed to the gradual erosion of the imperial authority in the Holy Roman Empire.
In the Peace of Westphalia, his full titles are given as: "Ferdinand the Third, elected Roman Emperor, always August, King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wurtemburg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Sacred Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines."
On February 20, 1631 Ferdinand III married his first wife Maria Anna of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. They were first cousins as Maria Anna's mother was a sister of Ferdinand's father. They were parents to six children:
- Ferdinand IV of Hungary (8 September 1633 - 9 July 1654).
- Mariana of Austria (23 December 1634 - 16 May 1696). Married her maternal uncle Philip IV of Spain. They were parents to Charles II of Spain, the degenerated last Habsburg monarch of Spain.
- Philip August, Archduke of Austria (1637 - 1639).
- Maximilian Thomas, Archduke of Austria (1638 - 1639).
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (9 June 1640 - 5 May 1705).
- Maria of Austria (1646).
In 1648, Ferdinand III married his second wife Maria Leopoldine, Archduchess of Austria. She was a daughter of Leopold V, Archduke of Austria and Claudia de' Medici. They were second cousins as male-line grandchildren of Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. They had a single son:
- Karl Josef of Austria (1649 - 1664). He was Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from 1662 to his death.
In 1651, Ferdinand III married Eleonora of Mantua (Gonzaga). She was a daughter of Charles IV Gonzaga, Duke of Rethel. They were parents to four children:
- Theresia Maria Josefa, Archduchess of Austria (1652 - 1653).
- Eleonora Maria Josefa, Archduchess of Austria (1653 - 1697). Married first Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland and secondly Charles V, Duke of Lorraine.
- Maria Anna Josepha, Archduchess of Austria (1654 - 1689). Married Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.
- Ferdinand Josef, Archduke of Austria (1657 - 1658).
Ancestors of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
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8. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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4. Charles II, Archduke of Austria |
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9. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary |
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2. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor |
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10. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria |
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5. Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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11. Anna of Austria |
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1. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor |
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12. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria |
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6. William V, Duke of Bavaria |
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13. Anna of Austria |
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3. Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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14. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine |
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7. Renata of Lorraine |
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15. Christina of Denmark |
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- Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
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Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
House of Habsburg
Born: 13 July 1608 Died: 2 April 1657 |
| Regnal titles |
Preceded by
Ferdinand II |
King of Bohemia
1627–1646 |
Succeeded by
Ferdinand IV |
King of Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia
1625–1647 |
King in Germany
(formally King of the Romans)
1636–1653 |
Holy Roman Emperor (elect)
1637–1657 |
Succeeded by
Leopold I |
Archduke of Austria
1637–1657 |
Preceded by
Ferdinand IV |
Duke of Teschen
1654-1657 |
Succeeded by
Leopold I |
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Holy Roman Emperors |
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| Carolingian Empire |
Charles I (Charlemagne) · Louis I · Lothair I · Louis II · Charles II · Charles III · Guy · Lambert · Arnulf · Louis III · Berengar
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| Holy Roman Empire |
Otto I · Otto II · Otto III · Henry II · Conrad II · Henry III · Henry IV · Henry V · Lothair II · Frederick I · Henry VI · Otto IV · Frederick II · Henry VII · Louis IV · Charles IV · Sigismund · Frederick III · Maximilian I · Charles V · Ferdinand I · Maximilian II · Rudolph II · Matthias · Ferdinand II · Ferdinand III · Leopold I · Joseph I · Charles VI · Charles VII · Francis I · Joseph II · Leopold II · Francis II
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Monarchs of Germany |
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| Kingdom of Germany (843-1806) |
Louis II • Carloman • Louis III • Charles III • Arnulf • Louis the Child • Conrad I • Henry I • Otto I • Otto II • Otto III • Henry II • Conrad II • Henry III • Henry IV • Henry V • Lothair III • Conrad III • Frederick I • Henry VI • Philip • Otto IV • Frederick II • Conrad IV • Rudolf I • Adolf • Albert I • Henry VII • Louis IV • Charles IV • Wenceslaus • Rupert • Sigismund • Albert II • Frederick III • Maximilian I • Charles V • Ferdinand I • Maximilian II • Rudolph II • Matthias • Ferdinand II • Ferdinand III • Leopold I • Joseph I • Charles VI • Charles VII • Francis I • Joseph II • Leopold II • Francis II
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| Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813) |
Napoleon I
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| German Confederation (1815-1848) |
Francis II • Ferdinand I
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| German Empire (1849) |
Frederick William IV (emperor-elect)
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| German Union (1849-1850) |
Frederick William IV
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| German Confederation (1850-1866) |
Franz Joseph I
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| North German Confederation (1867-1871) |
Wilhelm I
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| German Empire (1871-1918) |
Wilhelm I • Frederick III • Wilhelm II
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